[{"date":"1858-10-27","age":0,"headline":"Theodore Roosevelt is born in Manhattan","summary":"At 7:45 in the evening, after a labor that began late in the afternoon, Mittie Roosevelt gives birth to her second child, Theodore Jr., at the family's East 20th Street home. Both of the baby's grandmothers are on hand, and Dr. Markoe attends.","significance":5,"location":"28 East 20th Street","location_id":"28-east-20th-street-new-york","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["family","childhood"],"people":["martha-bulloch-roosevelt","theodore-roosevelt-sr","martha-stewart-bulloch","margaret-barnhill-roosevelt","dr-markoe"]},{"date":"1865-04-25","age":6,"headline":"Watching Lincoln's funeral from the window","summary":"Lincoln's funeral cortege rolls past Grandfather Roosevelt's Union Square mansion, and a Brady photograph catches Teedie and Ellie at an upstairs window. When little Edith Carow begins crying, scared by the black mourning drapery everywhere, the boys shut her in a closet.","significance":4,"location":"Union Square","location_id":"union-square-nyc","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["family","childhood","grief"],"people":["elliott-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","cornelius-van-schaack-roosevelt","abraham-lincoln","mathew-brady"]},{"date":"1866-04-30","age":7,"headline":"A seal skull starts a museum","summary":"Spotting a dead seal at a Broadway market, Teedie is given its skull, the first prize of his 'Roosevelt Museum of Natural History.' He writes nature essays, including one on the 'Foregoing Ant' after misreading 'foregoing' in a book as the name of a species.","significance":4,"location":"Broadway","location_id":"broadway-new-york","lat":40.70928,"lon":-74.01048,"tags":["childhood","natural-history","writing"],"people":[]},{"date":"1870-09-28","age":11,"headline":"Father's charge: build your body","summary":"Roosevelt's father tells the sickly boy that he has a fine mind but lacks the physical strength to match, and that he must make himself strong. Within days the boy starts regular gymnasium work.","significance":4,"location":"Riverdale","location_id":"riverdale-ny","lat":40.90056,"lon":-73.90639,"tags":["childhood","family","health"],"people":["theodore-roosevelt-sr"]},{"date":"1878-02-09","age":19,"headline":"Racing home as Father lies dying","summary":"Summoned by urgent word that his father is gravely ill with a bowel tumor, Roosevelt boards the night train for New York. Theodore Sr., 46, dies late that night, hours before his son can reach him.","significance":4,"location":"Cambridge","location_id":"cambridge-ma","lat":42.3751,"lon":-71.10561,"tags":["family","death","grief"],"people":["theodore-roosevelt-sr","elliott-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1878-02-12","age":19,"headline":"Father laid to rest at Green-Wood","summary":"After a short service at home and another at the church on 57th Street, the family crosses by ferry to Green-Wood Cemetery to bury Roosevelt's father. Roosevelt, shattered, pours out his grief in his diary and resolves to live as his father would have wished.","significance":4,"location":"6 West 57th Street","location_id":"6-west-57th-street-new-york","lat":40.76305,"lon":-73.97492,"tags":["family","grief","death","religion"],"people":["theodore-roosevelt-sr"]},{"date":"1878-10-19","age":19,"headline":"Meeting Alice Lee","summary":"Roosevelt rambles through the woods alongside Dick, Dick's sister Rose and their cousin Alice Lee, whom he finds sweet and pretty. The group dines and takes tea at the Whitneys', dancing and singing until they drive home around eleven. He would marry Alice in 1880.","significance":4,"location":"Chestnut Hill","location_id":"chestnut-hill-ma","lat":42.33065,"lon":-71.16616,"tags":["society","friendship"],"people":["richard-middlecott-saltonstall","rose-saltonstall","alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1880-01-25","age":21,"headline":"Alice Lee says yes","summary":"Nearly eight months after his first proposal, Roosevelt drives to the Lees determined to settle things, and after long pleading Alice Lee agrees to marry him. In a rapturous diary entry he vows to devote his life to her happiness and gives thanks to God.","significance":4,"location":"Cambridge","location_id":"cambridge-ma","lat":42.3751,"lon":-71.10561,"tags":["family","harvard"],"people":["alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1880-06-30","age":21,"headline":"Harvard graduate, magna cum laude","summary":"Roosevelt receives his B.A. from Harvard magna cum laude, finishing 21st among 177 classmates, with John D. Long giving the main address. He spends the day at the club, attends the Dexters' garden party and drives Alice back to Chestnut Hill. Meanwhile Douglas Robinson is courting Conie and Elliott works at Uncle James Gracie's bank.","significance":4,"location":"Harvard University","location_id":"harvard-university","lat":42.37409,"lon":-71.11672,"tags":["harvard","education","celebration"],"people":["john-d-long","alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt","elliott-roosevelt","douglas-robinson","corinne-roosevelt-robinson","james-king-gracie","anna-bulloch-gracie","lucy-elliott"]},{"date":"1880-10-27","age":22,"headline":"Roosevelt marries Alice Lee","summary":"On his 22nd birthday, Roosevelt marries Alice Hathaway Lee at noon in Brookline's Unitarian church, with Elliott as best man. After a reception at the Lee home, where Edith Carow dances the evening away, the couple leave around 4 p.m. for a suite in Springfield.","significance":4,"location":"Boston","location_id":"boston-ma","lat":42.35883,"lon":-71.05783,"tags":["family","celebration"],"people":["alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt","elliott-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","frances-theodora-smith"]},{"date":"1881-10-28","age":23,"headline":"Nominated for the State Assembly","summary":"Roosevelt, surprised, wins the Republican nomination for the Assembly from the 21st District, which Joe Murray engineers over the head of district boss Hess in place of William Trimble.","significance":4,"location":"New York City","location_id":"new-york-ny","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["politics","campaign","legislature"],"people":["joseph-murray","jacob-hess","william-trimble"]},{"date":"1881-11-08","age":23,"headline":"Elected to the New York Assembly","summary":"Roosevelt wins his first election, taking the 21st Assembly District seat 3,490 votes to 1,989 over Democrat William Strew. The job pays $1,200 a year.","significance":4,"location":"New York City","location_id":"new-york-ny","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["politics","campaign","legislature"],"people":["w-w-strew"]},{"date":"1883-09-07","age":24,"headline":"A 2 a.m. arrival in Little Missouri","summary":"Roosevelt steps off the train at Little Missouri in Dakota Territory and rouses the owner of the Pyramid Park Hotel at two in the morning. He is given a bed in a fourteen-bed bunk room.","significance":4,"location":"Little Missouri","location_id":"little-missouri-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["badlands","travel"],"people":[]},{"date":"1883-09-08","age":24,"headline":"Joe Ferris signs on as guide","summary":"Roosevelt hires 25-year-old Joe Ferris to guide him. Buffalo have been hunted hard in the Dakotas lately. They overnight at the Maltese Cross Ranch, which Sylvane Ferris, 24, runs with Bill Merrifield, 28; all three men came from Canada. Roosevelt also writes his mother.","significance":4,"location":"Little Missouri","location_id":"little-missouri-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["badlands","hunting","ranching"],"people":["joe-ferris","sylvane-ferris","bill-merrifield","martha-bulloch-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1883-09-16","age":24,"headline":"Hard luck, and a choice to invest","summary":"On a hot day Roosevelt tumbles down a cliff, is thrown from his horse, and nearly loses the horse to quicksand. After two days on biscuits and rainwater, he resolves to put money into the Badlands, and talks late with Gregor Lang again.","significance":4,"location":"Little Missouri","location_id":"little-missouri-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["badlands","ranching","hunting"],"people":["joe-ferris","gregor-lang"]},{"date":"1883-09-18","age":24,"headline":"A $14,000 stake in cattle","summary":"With Sylvane Ferris and Bill Merrifield at the Lang cabin, Roosevelt hands them a $14,000 check to run his stock and purchase 450 cattle. The sum tops his entire income for the year, $13,920.","significance":4,"location":"Little Missouri","location_id":"little-missouri-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["badlands","ranching","business"],"people":["sylvane-ferris","bill-merrifield"]},{"date":"1883-09-20","age":24,"headline":"His buffalo at last","summary":"Riding into Montana with Joe Ferris, Roosevelt finally brings down a bison bull. He celebrates with a whooping dance and hands Ferris $100 then and there.","significance":4,"location":"Little Missouri","location_id":"little-missouri-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["badlands","hunting"],"people":["joe-ferris"]},{"date":"1884-02-12","age":25,"headline":"Baby Alice arrives","summary":"A daughter, Alice, is born at 10 a.m. Roosevelt has already left for Albany. With Conie away and Mittie fighting a bad cold, his sister Bamie is the one tending the new mother, while Alice's parents wait at the Brunswick Hotel for their first grandchild.","significance":4,"location":"Albany","location_id":"albany-ny","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["family"],"people":["alice-roosevelt-longworth","alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt","anna-roosevelt-cowles","corinne-roosevelt-robinson","martha-bulloch-roosevelt","george-lee","caroline-haskell-lee"]},{"date":"1884-02-13","age":25,"headline":"Urgent telegrams call him home","summary":"Under a thick fog that has shrouded the Hudson Valley for days, Roosevelt receives one telegram, then another, and races to New York. When he reaches home at half past ten that night, Alice has slipped into a coma from Bright's disease. That same day, a Cooper Union rally backs his aldermanic bill.","significance":4,"location":"Albany","location_id":"albany-ny","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["family","health","legislature"],"people":["alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1884-02-14","age":25,"headline":"His mother and his wife die","summary":"Valentine's Day brings a double blow. At 3 a.m. Roosevelt's mother, Mittie, dies of typhoid fever at 48. At 2 p.m. his wife Alice, just 22, dies too. In his diary he marks the day with a single line. He wires the news to Dora Watkins.","significance":5,"location":"New York City","location_id":"new-york-ny","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["family","grief","death"],"people":["martha-bulloch-roosevelt","alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt","dora-watkins"]},{"date":"1884-02-16","age":25,"headline":"A double funeral","summary":"Mittie and Alice are mourned together at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church and laid to rest in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Observers describe Roosevelt as dazed and childlike in his grief.","significance":4,"location":"Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church","location_id":"fifth-avenue-presbyterian-church","lat":40.76203,"lon":-73.97519,"tags":["family","grief","religion","death"],"people":["martha-bulloch-roosevelt","alice-hathaway-lee-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1885-11-17","age":27,"headline":"Secretly engaged to Edith Carow","summary":"With his arm still in a sling, Roosevelt proposes to his childhood friend Edith Carow, and she accepts. His gifts to her include a pearl necklace, a watch and an engagement ring. The two agree to tell no one for now.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["family","health"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1886-04-01","age":27,"headline":"Capturing the boat thieves","summary":"Far downriver, north of Elkhorn, Roosevelt, Sewall and Dow find their stolen boat and catch the three thieves completely off guard. Rifles leveled, Roosevelt orders hands up, and the men surrender without a shot. Earlier he brings down a whitetail doe at 75 yards.","significance":4,"location":"Elkhorn Ranch","location_id":"elkhorn-ranch","lat":47.25279,"lon":-103.62408,"tags":["badlands","outdoors","hunting"],"people":["william-sewall","wilmot-dow","mike-finnegan","german-pfaffenback","burnsted"]},{"date":"1886-09-20","age":27,"headline":"Telling Bamie the truth","summary":"From Medora Roosevelt confirms to Bamie that the newspaper was right: he will sail to marry Edith before Christmas. Uneasy about remarriage, he says Bamie may keep his daughter, Baby Lee.","significance":4,"location":"Medora","location_id":"medora-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["family","badlands"],"people":["anna-roosevelt-cowles","edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1886-10-15","age":27,"headline":"Running for mayor","summary":"At the Union League Club Roosevelt takes the Republican nomination for mayor of New York and talks campaign with reporters. He also gets a look at the Statue of Liberty, still headless while workers finish it.","significance":4,"location":"Union League Club","location_id":"union-league-club-nyc","lat":40.749,"lon":-73.98046,"tags":["politics","campaign","press"],"people":[]},{"date":"1886-11-02","age":28,"headline":"Third place on Election Day","summary":"Democrat Abram Hewitt wins the mayor's race with 90,552 votes. Labor's Henry George finishes second at 68,110, and Roosevelt runs third with 60,435.","significance":4,"location":"New York City","location_id":"new-york-ny","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["politics","campaign"],"people":["abram-s-hewitt","henry-george"]},{"date":"1886-12-02","age":28,"headline":"A wedding in the fog","summary":"Roosevelt marries Edith Kermit Carow at St. George's Church in London on a day so foggy the mist fills the church. His new friend Cecil Spring Rice stands as best man; the groom sports bright orange gloves.","significance":5,"location":"St. George's Church","location_id":"st-georges-hanover-square","lat":51.50853,"lon":-0.12574,"tags":["family","celebration","europe","friendship"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","cecil-spring-rice"]},{"date":"1887-04-09","age":28,"headline":"A ruined range","summary":"Roosevelt reaches Medora to find the winter has wrecked his herds. He rides three days without spotting a living steer. Every Little Missouri rancher has lost at least half his cattle; Roosevelt's losses top 65 percent, and his ranching dream is finished.","significance":4,"location":"Medora","location_id":"medora-nd","lat":46.9139,"lon":-103.52435,"tags":["ranching","badlands","business"],"people":[]},{"date":"1887-09-13","age":28,"headline":"Ted is born at Sagamore Hill","summary":"Theodore Roosevelt Jr. arrives at 2:15 in the morning, a sturdy eight and a half pounds. Cousin West Roosevelt delivers him and Aunt Annie Gracie nurses. Roosevelt tells Bamie that Alice already adores her baby brother.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["family","celebration"],"people":["theodore-roosevelt-jr","edith-kermit-roosevelt","west-roosevelt","anna-bulloch-gracie","anna-roosevelt-cowles","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1887-12-31","age":29,"headline":"Boone and Crockett Club is born","summary":"Roosevelt gathers fellow hunters, among them Elliott, cousin West and George Bird Grinnell, to found the Boone and Crockett Club, devoted to outdoor life, hunting and protecting big game. With Roosevelt as president, the club pledges to push for game laws and their enforcement. For the cold months the family settles into 689 Madison Avenue.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["conservation","hunting","outdoors","friendship"],"people":["elliott-roosevelt","west-roosevelt","archibald-rogers","e-p-rogers","j-coleman-drayton","thomas-paton","j-e-jones","rutherford-stuyvesant","george-bird-grinnell","edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth","theodore-roosevelt-jr"]},{"date":"1889-04-27","age":30,"headline":"Named Civil Service Commissioner","summary":"Lodge comes up from Washington bearing word from the White House: President Harrison wants Roosevelt on the Civil Service Commission at $3,500 a year. Roosevelt says yes.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["civil-service","politics"],"people":["henry-cabot-lodge","benjamin-harrison"]},{"date":"1894-04-06","age":35,"headline":"Archie's birth, entered early","summary":"The chronology logs Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt's birth under this date, and again under April 16, but Archie was born on April 9, 1894. The entry describes a midnight delivery so easy and quiet that Roosevelt has to wake the nurse, Mame; he writes Bamie that Edith suffered less than ever, then brings Alice and Ted in to meet their brother.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["family","celebration"],"people":["archibald-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","mary-ledwith","anna-roosevelt-cowles","alice-roosevelt-longworth","theodore-roosevelt-jr"]},{"date":"1894-04-16","age":35,"headline":"Announcing Archie to the family","summary":"Archibald Bulloch Roosevelt arrives around midnight. Roosevelt writes Edith's sister Gertrude that the baby came at 12:35 after Edith's shortest, easiest labor and will carry his great-great-grandfather's name; he tells Bamie Edith is happy. He brings Alice and Ted, rag dolls in arms, to see the baby.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["family","celebration"],"people":["archibald-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","mary-ledwith","gertrude-tyler-carow","anna-roosevelt-cowles","alice-roosevelt-longworth","theodore-roosevelt-jr"]},{"date":"1894-08-14","age":35,"headline":"Elliott Roosevelt dies in New York","summary":"Roosevelt's younger brother Elliott, after trying to leap from a window of his apartment, suffers a last seizure and dies. Roosevelt is crushed by grief. Mrs. Evans, the woman Elliott lived with, receives $1,250 to stay silent. Roosevelt also sends a civil service letter to Lucius Swift.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["family","grief","death"],"people":["elliott-roosevelt","mrs-evans","lucius-b-swift"]},{"date":"1895-05-06","age":36,"headline":"Sworn in as police commissioner","summary":"At City Hall, Roosevelt takes the oath as a New York police commissioner, then walks north to Mulberry Street, where his fellow commissioners Frederick D. Grant, Avery Andrews, and Andrew Parker choose him board president. Hurrying into his new office with reporters Steffens and Riis, he asks what they should do first.","significance":4,"location":"City Hall","location_id":"city-hall-new-york","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["police","politics","press"],"people":["frederick-d-grant","avery-d-andrews","andrew-d-parker","lincoln-steffens","jacob-riis"]},{"date":"1897-04-06","age":38,"headline":"Nominated to the Navy Department","summary":"McKinley picks Roosevelt to be the Navy's assistant secretary, at a salary of $4,500, and sends the nomination to the Senate. Roosevelt crows to Lodge with a line from the Arabian Nights.","significance":4,"location":"New York City","location_id":"new-york-ny","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["navy","politics"],"people":["william-mckinley","henry-cabot-lodge"]},{"date":"1897-04-19","age":38,"headline":"First day at the Navy Department","summary":"Roosevelt starts work as the Navy's second-in-command under Secretary John D. Long, 58, and moves in with Lodge in Washington. He thanks Captain Bowman McCalla for his congratulations.","significance":4,"location":"New York City","location_id":"new-york-ny","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["navy","politics"],"people":["john-d-long","henry-cabot-lodge","bowman-h-mccalla"]},{"date":"1897-06-02","age":38,"headline":"Big speech at the Naval War College","summary":"At Newport, Roosevelt urges a stronger Navy before the Naval War College, citing George Washington on preparedness as the surest path to peace. It is the first major speech of his career; it makes headlines and wins praise.","significance":4,"location":"Naval War College","location_id":"naval-war-college","lat":41.4901,"lon":-71.31283,"tags":["navy","military","press"],"people":["george-washington"]},{"date":"1897-11-19","age":39,"headline":"Quentin Roosevelt is born","summary":"The Roosevelts' youngest child, Quentin, arrives at the house in Washington, catching everyone by surprise. Roosevelt writes Bamie the news and notes that Archie is not pleased, though the other children adore the baby. He also argues for war with Spain in a letter to William Kimball.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["family","navy","war"],"people":["quentin-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","archibald-roosevelt","anna-roosevelt-cowles","william-w-kimball","caspar-f-goodrich"]},{"date":"1898-02-15","age":39,"headline":"The Maine explodes in Havana","summary":"At 9:40 that night the battleship Maine explodes in Havana harbor; 260 of her crew die at once and six more later. The sensational papers clamor for war while much of the country seems unmoved. Roosevelt calls it treachery. He also writes Selous, wishing he could get away, and Edith writes her sister Emily Carow.","significance":5,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["navy","war","press","foreign-policy"],"people":["frederick-selous","edith-kermit-roosevelt","emily-carow"]},{"date":"1898-02-25","age":39,"headline":"The cable to Dewey","summary":"With Secretary Long away for the afternoon, Roosevelt runs the Navy Department and cables Commodore Dewey to gather his squadron at Hong Kong, keep coaling, and be ready to strike the Spanish in the Philippines if war comes. He orders ships everywhere to fill their bunkers. He also brings in Dr. William Osler to examine Edith.","significance":5,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["navy","war","family","health"],"people":["william-osler","edith-kermit-roosevelt","john-d-long","george-dewey","anna-roosevelt-cowles","william-sheffield-cowles","c-whitney-tillinghast"]},{"date":"1898-04-23","age":39,"headline":"A volunteer cavalry post in sight","summary":"McKinley asks for 125,000 volunteers to bolster a regular army of about 28,000, among them three regiments of frontier horsemen and crack shots. Roosevelt is in line for second in command of the first of these cavalry regiments, under his friend Leonard Wood.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["rough-riders","war","military"],"people":["william-mckinley","leonard-wood"]},{"date":"1898-04-24","age":39,"headline":"Spain declares war","summary":"Spain formally goes to war with the United States. Secretary Long cables Dewey to go after the Philippines. Roosevelt writes his old ranch partner Sylvane Ferris about the cavalry regiment he is raising.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["war","rough-riders","badlands"],"people":["john-d-long","george-dewey","sylvane-ferris"]},{"date":"1898-04-25","age":39,"headline":"Congress declares war","summary":"Congress declares war on Spain, and Dewey gets orders to go after Spain's ships. Roosevelt's commission dates from today; friends think he has lost his mind. He writes Chanler, John Fox, Wadsworth and Will Cowles about the volunteer regiments.","significance":5,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["war","rough-riders","military"],"people":["george-dewey","william-astor-chanler","john-fox-jr","william-austin-wadsworth","william-sheffield-cowles"]},{"date":"1898-05-01","age":39,"headline":"Dewey wins at Manila Bay","summary":"Commodore Dewey destroys Spain's Pacific squadron in Manila Bay in about seven and a half hours of action, without losing a single American life.","significance":5,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["navy","war"],"people":["george-dewey"]},{"date":"1898-05-06","age":39,"headline":"Resigns from the Navy Department","summary":"Roosevelt's diary records his commission as lieutenant colonel with Wood as colonel, by his own choice, after he had been offered the top post. He sends to McKinley, by way of Long, his resignation from the Navy's second-ranking post, and writes Bamie, Douglas Robinson and Fitzhugh Lee.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["rough-riders","navy","military"],"people":["leonard-wood","john-d-long","william-mckinley","anna-roosevelt-cowles","douglas-robinson","fitzhugh-lee"]},{"date":"1898-06-24","age":39,"headline":"Under fire at Las Guasimas","summary":"Before dawn the regiment pushes toward Las Guasimas, and Spanish snipers open up from cover, killing Sergeant Hamilton Fish and Captain Allyn Capron. Roosevelt, splinters in his eyes, leads three troops on a flanking fire that opens the way for the charge. In two hours the Spanish fall back, and he pockets three Mauser cartridges for his children.","significance":4,"location":"Cuba","location_id":"cuba","lat":23.01313,"lon":-80.83287,"tags":["rough-riders","war","military","death"],"people":["hamilton-fish","allyn-capron","leonard-wood","richard-harding-davis","edward-marshall","stephen-crane","samuel-b-m-young","joseph-wheeler"]},{"date":"1898-07-01","age":39,"headline":"The charge up Kettle and San Juan hills","summary":"Roosevelt's 'crowded hour.' With Wood moved up to brigade command, he leads the Rough Riders. After hours pinned down by fire at Bloody Ford, he rides Little Texas up Kettle Hill, takes a graze on the elbow, and finishes on foot. He then rallies the men across to San Juan Hill, where the flag is already up. The regiment suffers the heaviest losses of any unit there.","significance":5,"location":"Cuba","location_id":"cuba","lat":23.01313,"lon":-80.83287,"tags":["rough-riders","war","military","death"],"people":["leonard-wood","samuel-s-sumner","joseph-wheeler","william-o-o-neill","henry-bardshar","bob-ferguson","greenwald","edith-kermit-roosevelt","james-edward-kelley"]},{"date":"1898-07-17","age":39,"headline":"Santiago surrenders","summary":"At noon the American flag rises over Santiago as 17,000 Spanish troops give up the city.","significance":4,"location":"Cuba","location_id":"cuba","lat":23.01313,"lon":-80.83287,"tags":["rough-riders","war","military"],"people":[]},{"date":"1898-08-03","age":39,"headline":"The round robin letter","summary":"Roosevelt writes two letters warning that disease will destroy the army unless it leaves Cuba: one under his own name and a 'round robin' signed by many officers around Santiago. Both go to the Associated Press for publication at home.","significance":4,"location":"Cuba","location_id":"cuba","lat":23.01313,"lon":-80.83287,"tags":["rough-riders","health","press","military"],"people":[]},{"date":"1898-08-15","age":39,"headline":"Home at Montauk, 'disgracefully well'","summary":"Tugs bring the Miami in at noon as a big crowd waits on the Montauk shore. Roosevelt, looking fit beside his gaunt troopers, tells reporters he feels ashamed to be so healthy but that it was a bully fight; he will talk only about the regiment. The men go into quarantine at Camp Wikoff, and he slips out to see Edith.","significance":4,"location":"Montauk","location_id":"montauk-ny","lat":41.03594,"lon":-71.95451,"tags":["rough-riders","press","military","family"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1898-09-13","age":39,"headline":"Farewell gift: The Bronco Buster","summary":"On Ted's 11th birthday, bugles call the 900 surviving Rough Riders together one last time. They form a square around a hidden gift, Frederic Remington's bronze The Bronco Buster, and present it to their colonel. Roosevelt, choked up, shakes every man's hand.","significance":4,"location":"Montauk","location_id":"montauk-ny","lat":41.03594,"lon":-71.95451,"tags":["rough-riders","celebration","family"],"people":["frederic-remington","theodore-roosevelt-jr","preble-tucker","douglas-robinson","paul-fuller"]},{"date":"1898-09-27","age":39,"headline":"Nominated for governor at Saratoga","summary":"The Republican convention at Saratoga nominates Roosevelt for governor, 753 votes to 218 for the sitting governor, Frank Black, whose administration was tarnished by Louis Payn's evasion of civil service law and George Aldridge's handling of Erie Canal funds. It is also Corinne's 37th birthday.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["politics","campaign","governor"],"people":["frank-s-black","louis-f-payn","george-w-aldridge","corinne-roosevelt-robinson"]},{"date":"1898-11-08","age":40,"headline":"Elected governor of New York","summary":"Roosevelt wins the governorship by 17,794 votes, 661,715 to Augustus Van Wyck's 643,921, with Timothy Woodruff elected lieutenant governor. He and Alice are reading and Edith is at her needlework when two reporters arrive at Sagamore Hill with the news.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["governor","campaign","politics","family"],"people":["augustus-van-wyck","timothy-l-woodruff","edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1898-12-31","age":40,"headline":"Sworn in a day early","summary":"With New Year's Day on a Sunday, Roosevelt and other state officers take the oath before Secretary of State John Palmer. He and Edith attend a quiet ball at the State Armory. Ted and Kermit start at the Albany Military Academy, Gertrude Young becomes governess to Alice and Ethel, and the first part of The Rough Riders appears in Scribner's.","significance":4,"location":"State Armory","location_id":"state-armory-albany","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["governor","family","writing"],"people":["john-palmer","edith-kermit-roosevelt","theodore-roosevelt-jr","kermit-roosevelt","gertrude-young","mary-ledwith","alice-roosevelt-longworth","ethel-roosevelt-derby","quentin-roosevelt","archibald-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1899-01-02","age":40,"headline":"Inaugurated in a frozen Albany","summary":"In bitter subzero cold, with band instruments frozen silent, Roosevelt is inaugurated governor in the Assembly Chamber and sends lawmakers his yearly message. He is the first governor to serve in the newly finished Capitol, at a salary of $10,000 a year.","significance":5,"location":"New York State Capitol","location_id":"new-york-state-capitol","lat":42.65259,"lon":-73.75737,"tags":["governor","politics","legislature"],"people":[]},{"date":"1899-04-10","age":40,"headline":"Preaching the strenuous life","summary":"In Chicago Roosevelt speaks at the University of Chicago and the Harvard Club, then delivers his famous call to effort and courage, \"The Strenuous Life,\" at the Hamilton Club's Appomattox Day gathering.","significance":4,"location":"University of Chicago","location_id":"university-of-chicago","lat":41.79133,"lon":-87.60084,"tags":["governor","travel","education"],"people":[]},{"date":"1899-04-28","age":40,"headline":"Ford bill forced through","summary":"Learning at 7 a.m. that Nixon destroyed his message, Roosevelt writes a second one and threatens to deliver it in person. It is read, and the Assembly approves the Ford franchise tax, 109-35, as the session ends. He also signs carriage and election-registration laws.","significance":4,"location":"Albany","location_id":"albany-ny","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["governor","trusts","legislature"],"people":["s-fred-nixon","john-mccullagh","william-osborn","elbert-hubbard"]},{"date":"1899-05-26","age":40,"headline":"The Ford franchise tax becomes law","summary":"Roosevelt signs the Ford franchise tax, making corporations pay taxes on their public franchises. He also signs a ban on transportation rate-fixing pools and a law keeping state fish hatchery waters clean.","significance":4,"location":"Albany","location_id":"albany-ny","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["governor","trusts","conservation"],"people":[]},{"date":"1900-01-26","age":41,"headline":"Speak softly and carry a big stick","summary":"Roosevelt announces Hendricks's appointment to the press. Writing to Henry Sprague, he quotes the proverb that would become his best-known motto. He also sends Platt good wishes for his ailing wife.","significance":4,"location":"Albany","location_id":"albany-ny","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["governor","politics","press"],"people":["francis-j-hendricks","henry-l-sprague","charles-t-saxton","thomas-c-platt","mrs-thomas-c-platt"]},{"date":"1900-02-19","age":41,"headline":"A landmark forest, fish and game law","summary":"Roosevelt signs a sweeping law protecting New York's forests, fish and game, rewriting Chapter 31 of the General Laws. It caps his conservation work as governor. He also meets Greene and Hill on canal funding.","significance":4,"location":"Albany","location_id":"albany-ny","lat":42.65117,"lon":-73.75497,"tags":["conservation","governor","legislature"],"people":["francis-v-greene","hill"]},{"date":"1900-06-21","age":41,"headline":"Nominated for Vice President","summary":"Pressed by the Platt machine and by Roosevelt backers across the country, Hanna yields. McKinley is renominated with 926 votes, and Roosevelt is named his running mate with 925. Roosevelt lunches with General Greene, addresses the convention, and wires the President.","significance":4,"location":"Philadelphia","location_id":"philadelphia-pa","lat":39.95238,"lon":-75.16362,"tags":["vice-presidency","campaign","politics"],"people":["mark-hanna","william-mckinley","francis-v-greene"]},{"date":"1900-11-06","age":42,"headline":"Elected Vice President","summary":"Roosevelt casts his ballot in Oyster Bay. McKinley and Roosevelt beat Bryan decisively, 292 electoral votes to 155, with about 7.2 million popular votes to the Democrats' 6.36 million. Benjamin Odell wins the governorship of New York.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["vice-presidency","campaign","politics"],"people":["william-mckinley","william-jennings-bryan","benjamin-odell"]},{"date":"1901-03-04","age":42,"headline":"Sworn in as Vice President","summary":"Roosevelt takes the oath as Vice President while McKinley begins his second term, with Edith and the children, Ted down from Groton, looking on. That night at the ball the First Lady seems ill, rain falls outside, and young Ted gulps champagne he takes for fizzy water.","significance":5,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["vice-presidency","politics","family","celebration"],"people":["william-mckinley","edith-kermit-roosevelt","theodore-roosevelt-jr","anna-roosevelt-cowles","ida-saxton-mckinley"]},{"date":"1901-09-02","age":42,"headline":"\"Speak softly and carry a big stick\"","summary":"At the Minnesota State Fair Roosevelt delivers \"National Duties,\" using in public for the first time the West African saying that became his trademark for foreign policy.","significance":4,"location":"Minneapolis","location_id":"minneapolis-mn","lat":44.97997,"lon":-93.26384,"tags":["foreign-policy","vice-presidency","politics"],"people":[]},{"date":"1901-09-06","age":42,"headline":"McKinley is shot","summary":"Roosevelt is at a Fish and Game League luncheon on Vermont's Isle La Motte when a telephone call brings word that President McKinley was shot at 4 p.m. in Buffalo by anarchist Leon Czolgosz. Roosevelt is hurried indoors at Nelson Fisk's home, then leaves for Buffalo, where he stays with Ansley Wilcox.","significance":4,"location":"Isle La Motte","location_id":"isle-la-motte-vt","lat":44.87725,"lon":-73.3389,"tags":["vice-presidency","presidency","conservation","death"],"people":["william-mckinley","leon-czolgosz","nelson-w-fisk","ansley-wilcox"]},{"date":"1901-09-13","age":42,"headline":"A runner on the mountain","summary":"On Ted's 14th birthday, Roosevelt and a guide climb Mount Marcy in cold, misty weather while the others turn back. Lunching at Lake Tear of the Clouds, he is handed a telegram at 1:25 p.m.: McKinley is failing. A frantic 50-mile night ride takes him to the North Creek rail station and on toward Albany. By early the next morning McKinley is dead.","significance":5,"location":"Mount Marcy","location_id":"mount-marcy","lat":44.11278,"lon":-73.9237,"tags":["outdoors","presidency","death"],"people":["william-mckinley","theodore-roosevelt-jr"]},{"date":"1901-09-14","age":42,"headline":"Sworn in as President in Buffalo","summary":"Arriving in Buffalo at 1:30 p.m. to find McKinley dead, Roosevelt takes the oath as the 26th President at 3:15 p.m. in Ansley Wilcox's library, the furniture still under summer dust covers. Judge John R. Hazel swears him in, wearing borrowed clothes that don't fit, with most of the Cabinet present. He asks Booker T. Washington to meet with him.","significance":5,"location":"Ansley Wilcox House","location_id":"ansley-wilcox-house","lat":42.90149,"lon":-78.87255,"tags":["presidency","death"],"people":["john-r-hazel","ansley-wilcox","william-mckinley","booker-t-washington"]},{"date":"1901-10-17","age":42,"headline":"Booker T. Washington at the President's table","summary":"A short overnight announcement reveals that Booker T. Washington dined with Roosevelt the evening before, the first Black guest at a White House dinner. Racist outrage erupts across the South. Roosevelt writes Douglas Robinson about his trust policy and the appointments fight.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["presidency","race","press"],"people":["booker-t-washington","douglas-robinson"]},{"date":"1901-12-03","age":43,"headline":"First annual message to Congress","summary":"Roosevelt's first message to Congress goes up in printed form, some 30,000 words. It calls forest and water questions among the nation's most pressing internal problems; John Hay ranks it with Lincoln's writing for individuality. Lawmakers begin organizing a reclamation bill, and Roosevelt dines with congressional leaders.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","conservation","legislature"],"people":["john-hay","david-b-henderson","william-b-allison","orville-h-platt","mark-hanna","stephen-b-elkins"]},{"date":"1902-02-19","age":43,"headline":"Taking on Northern Securities","summary":"Roosevelt has Attorney General Knox announce a federal suit to break up the Northern Securities Company, the railroad holding company that Morgan and Kuhn, Loeb money built out of the Harriman and Hill lines; it will be filed at St. Paul in March. The Schley report is published. Ted falls ill with pneumonia at Groton and Edith hurries north to nurse him.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["trusts","business","family","health"],"people":["philander-knox","j-pierpont-morgan","e-h-harriman","james-j-hill","winfield-scott-schley","william-r-merriam","albert-beveridge","theodore-roosevelt-jr","edith-kermit-roosevelt","billings","a-h-wood","william-j-calhoun"]},{"date":"1902-06-17","age":43,"headline":"Signing the Reclamation Act","summary":"Roosevelt signs the Newlands Act, which puts money from public land sales in 16 Western states into a fund for irrigating the dry West. He dines with Lodge, Root and Colonel Johnson, and writes Grover Cleveland in praise of Woodrow Wilson.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","presidency","legislature"],"people":["henry-cabot-lodge","elihu-root","colonel-johnson","grover-cleveland","woodrow-wilson","ethan-a-hitchcock","josephine-shaw-lowell","rebecca-taylor","morris-k-jesup"]},{"date":"1902-06-28","age":43,"headline":"Spooner Act signed for a Panama canal","summary":"Roosevelt meets Admiral Walker and signs the Spooner Act, letting him buy canal rights across Panama from the French company and Colombia for no more than $40 million. He tells Senator Platt the coming Caribbean fleet maneuvers, the Navy's first, were his own idea.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["panama-canal","presidency","navy","legislature"],"people":["john-g-walker","thomas-c-platt","charles-h-grosvenor","joseph-jones","john-hay","albert-b-cummins"]},{"date":"1902-09-03","age":43,"headline":"Trolley crash at Pittsfield","summary":"In Pittsfield an electric streetcar slams into the open landau carrying Roosevelt, Governor Murray Crane and George Cortelyou. Secret Service agent William Craig is killed, and a horse dies. Roosevelt is hurled about 30 feet, hurting his left leg and bruising his face; Cortelyou suffers a deep scalp wound. Half an hour later Roosevelt goes on to speak at Lenox, and 30,000 people greet him at Bridgeport before he sails home.","significance":4,"location":"Pittsfield","location_id":"pittsfield-ma","lat":42.45008,"lon":-73.24538,"tags":["health","travel","death"],"people":["winthrop-murray-crane","george-cortelyou","william-craig"]},{"date":"1902-10-03","age":43,"headline":"Operators and miners meet the President","summary":"Still in a wheelchair, Roosevelt brings mine owners and union leaders face to face at his temporary home on Jackson Place, with Mitchell, Baer, Truesdale, Wilcox, Carroll Wright and Cortelyou among those present. He reports on the meeting to Hanna and Seth Low. In Panama, trains run under American protection.","significance":4,"location":"22 Jackson Place","location_id":"22-jackson-place-washington-dc","lat":38.89949,"lon":-77.03793,"tags":["labor","presidency","trusts"],"people":["john-mitchell","george-f-baer","william-h-truesdale","david-willcox","carroll-d-wright","george-cortelyou","seth-low","mark-hanna"]},{"date":"1902-10-13","age":43,"headline":"Morgan brings a plan to Jackson Place","summary":"Roosevelt asks General Schofield about having the Army run the mines and receives the Chief Justice and the Supreme Court. That evening J. P. Morgan and Robert Bacon, fresh from talks with Root aboard Morgan's yacht Corsair, call on the President at his temporary quarters on Jackson Place. They agree to push the operators to accept a commission of Roosevelt's choosing, with the threat of Army control of the mines in the background.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["labor","military","business"],"people":["john-m-schofield","melville-w-fuller","j-pierpont-morgan","robert-bacon","elihu-root","kermit-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","william-sheffield-cowles"]},{"date":"1902-10-16","age":43,"headline":"Naming the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission","summary":"Roosevelt names a seven-man commission to settle the coal strike: retired Army engineer General John M. Wilson; Labor Commissioner Carroll Wright; federal Judge George Gray of Delaware; E. E. Clark, head of the railway conductors' union, seated under the label of \"eminent sociologist\"; mining engineer Edward Parker; coal man Thomas Watkins; and Bishop John Spalding. He thanks Morgan and Hanna, explains to Cleveland that the operators would not accept him, and sends Mitchell the names.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["labor","presidency","business"],"people":["john-m-wilson","carroll-d-wright","edgar-e-clark","george-gray","edward-w-parker","thomas-h-watkins","john-lancaster-spalding","j-pierpont-morgan","anna-roosevelt-cowles","mark-hanna","grover-cleveland","john-mitchell"]},{"date":"1902-10-21","age":43,"headline":"The coal strike ends","summary":"The anthracite strike is formally over. Roosevelt has John Kernan and M. E. Egan to lunch, and writes Taft that his Rome mission has failed and resentment of the Catholic church is growing in the Philippines.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["labor","religion","presidency"],"people":["maurice-francis-egan","john-d-kernan","william-howard-taft"]},{"date":"1902-11-16","age":44,"headline":"Drawing the Line in Mississippi","summary":"The hunt goes on near Smedes. Newspapers have picked up a story that Roosevelt refused to shoot a bear, a cub in some tellings and an old bear in others. Clifford Berryman's Washington Post cartoon \"Drawing the Line in Mississippi\" appears, toy makers soon turn out stuffed bears, and the teddy bear is born.","significance":4,"location":"Smedes","location_id":"smedes-ms","lat":32.69374,"lon":-90.92066,"tags":["hunting","press","outdoors"],"people":["clifford-k-berryman"]},{"date":"1902-12-18","age":44,"headline":"Britain asks Roosevelt to arbitrate","summary":"Britain agrees the Venezuela dispute should be arbitrated and asks Roosevelt to serve as arbiter. Roosevelt later said he warned Germany of war if it refused arbitration. The Pacific fleet begins maneuvers, alarming German envoy Holleben. The day ends with the annual Cabinet dinner.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["foreign-policy","diplomacy","navy"],"people":["theodor-von-holleben"]},{"date":"1903-01-22","age":44,"headline":"Hay-Herran canal treaty signed","summary":"Colombia's envoy Tomás Herrán signs the Hay-Herrán treaty, leasing the United States a six-mile strip across Panama for a century at $10 million down plus $250,000 a year. Roosevelt lunches with the Woods and hosts the judicial reception; the Grant La Farges begin a four-day stay.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["panama-canal","foreign-policy","diplomacy"],"people":["jacob-brenner","tomas-herran","john-hay","bliss","leonard-wood","c-grant-la-farge"]},{"date":"1903-02-03","age":44,"headline":"Trust-busting package nears passage","summary":"Congress passes Roosevelt's three-part answer to the trusts: the Elkins Act, a Department of Commerce and Labor, and the Expedition Act. He also sees senators, the British envoy, Justice White and Arthur Street, editor of Collier's. Bill Sewall, his old Maine guide, arrives to stay.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["trusts","legislature","presidency","race","friendship"],"people":["commander-procter","chauncey-m-depew","george-c-perkins","edward-douglass-white","michael-herbert","arthur-street","wayne-macveagh","william-sewall","james-wilson","lawrence-abbott","george-f-w-holls","silas-mcbee"]},{"date":"1903-03-14","age":44,"headline":"Pelican Island: the first bird refuge","summary":"Roosevelt sets aside Pelican Island in Florida as a federal bird reservation, the first of its kind, and five irrigation projects take shape in Montana, Arizona, Nevada, Nebraska, Wyoming and Colorado. He lunches with George Ward and Curtis Guild and is glad Burroughs will join him in Yellowstone.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","natural-history","navy","friendship"],"people":["curtis-guild-jr","george-c-ward","charles-h-darling","john-burroughs"]},{"date":"1903-03-17","age":44,"headline":"Senate ratifies the canal treaty","summary":"The Senate approves the Hay-Herrán treaty without amendment, opening the way for a canal across Panama. Roosevelt chooses Root, Lodge and George Turner as the American members of the Alaska boundary tribunal and writes each of them about his stance.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["panama-canal","foreign-policy","diplomacy"],"people":["thomas-c-platt","george-uhler","robert-r-hitt","elihu-root","henry-cabot-lodge","george-turner"]},{"date":"1903-04-07","age":44,"headline":"Back in the Badlands","summary":"At Fargo Roosevelt talks about the Army and the Philippine islands, and in Bismarck he attends a barbecue of a whole roasted ox. At Mandan, Sylvane and Joe Ferris climb aboard, and at Dickinson and Medora old neighbors remember the young 'four-eyed dude' of ranching days.","significance":4,"location":"Bismarck","location_id":"bismarck-nd","lat":46.80833,"lon":-100.78374,"tags":["badlands","travel","friendship","campaign"],"people":["sylvane-ferris","joe-ferris"]},{"date":"1903-05-06","age":44,"headline":"Standing at the Grand Canyon","summary":"Roosevelt sees the Grand Canyon and is overwhelmed, calling it beautiful, terrible and unearthly. He speaks, visits a miners' camp with Alexander Brodie, Butler and Dr. Rixey, then leaves for California.","significance":4,"location":"Grand Canyon","location_id":"grand-canyon-az","lat":36.05781,"lon":-112.12816,"tags":["conservation","outdoors","travel"],"people":["alexander-o-brodie","nicholas-murray-butler","presley-m-rixey"]},{"date":"1903-05-15","age":44,"headline":"Camping with John Muir among the sequoias","summary":"Roosevelt rides by way of Raymond, Berenda and Grub Gulch to meet John Muir at the Mariposa Grove in Yosemite, and the two camp beneath the giant sequoias.","significance":4,"location":"Berenda","location_id":"berenda-ca","lat":37.04022,"lon":-120.1535,"tags":["conservation","outdoors","natural-history"],"people":["john-muir"]},{"date":"1903-08-12","age":44,"headline":"Colombia's senate rejects the canal treaty","summary":"Roosevelt sees Jacob Riis, then spends the whole night with Senators Allison, Spooner, O. H. Platt and Aldrich hammering out a currency bill. Far away, Colombia's congress turns down the Hay-Herran Treaty, which would have paid $10 million in gold plus $250,000 a year for a canal zone in Panama.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["panama-canal","foreign-policy","legislature","presidency"],"people":["jacob-riis","william-b-allison","john-spooner","orville-h-platt","nelson-aldrich"]},{"date":"1903-10-20","age":44,"headline":"\"I rose like a rocket\"","summary":"Roosevelt summons Congress to meet November 9 on the Cuban treaty. The Alaska tribunal's ruling, with Lord Alverstone siding with the Americans, gives Canada nothing; the two Canadians refuse to sign. He writes Ted about his own fast rise, and writes Holmes on the boundary.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["diplomacy","legislature","presidency"],"people":["nicholas-murray-butler","george-e-chamberlain","lord-alverstone","theodore-roosevelt-jr","curtis-guild-jr","oliver-wendell-holmes-jr"]},{"date":"1903-11-03","age":45,"headline":"Panama declares independence","summary":"Roosevelt votes at Oyster Bay on Election Day, sees Jacob Riis, and heads back to Washington that evening. In Panama City, Colombian troops are bought off with $50 apiece in gold, railroad workers and firemen seize the city, U.S. ships keep Colombian forces from landing, and Panama proclaims independence with Dr. Amador as president.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["panama-canal","foreign-policy","politics","presidency"],"people":["jacob-riis","esteban-huertas","manuel-amador-guerrero","seth-low","theodore-roosevelt-jr","kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1903-11-06","age":45,"headline":"America recognizes the Republic of Panama","summary":"The United States recognizes Panama, and the Cabinet agrees to open canal treaty talks with the new republic at once. Roosevelt sees Congressmen Grosvenor and Hepburn, dines with Governor Franklin Murphy, and insists to Albert Shaw there was no conspiracy with the rebels.","significance":5,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["panama-canal","foreign-policy","diplomacy","presidency"],"people":["charles-h-grosvenor","william-p-hepburn","franklin-murphy","curtis-guild-jr","john-g-walker","albert-shaw","john-hay"]},{"date":"1903-11-18","age":45,"headline":"Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty signed","summary":"At 6:40 in the evening John Hay and Philippe Bunau-Varilla sign the canal treaty between the United States and Panama, on the same $10 million terms Colombia had refused. Earlier Roosevelt sees Simon Wolf and lunches with Moody, Ream and Wayne MacVeagh.","significance":5,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["panama-canal","diplomacy","presidency"],"people":["simon-wolf","wayne-macveagh","william-h-moody","ream","john-hay","philippe-bunau-varilla"]},{"date":"1903-12-07","age":45,"headline":"Annual message: building the canal is a duty","summary":"Congress opens its regular session and hears Roosevelt's annual message, which calls building the Panama canal a national duty. He confers with Senator Warren on Alaska and lunches with Gordon and Peck. To Arthur Lee he praises the Alaska settlement and teases that Britain did well to face such reasonable jurors.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["panama-canal","legislature","diplomacy"],"people":["francis-e-warren","gordon","peck","arthur-lee"]},{"date":"1903-12-17","age":45,"headline":"Signs Cuban reciprocity as the Wrights fly","summary":"Roosevelt signs the Cuban reciprocity bill, lunches with Root, Cortelyou, Lodge and Massachusetts Governor Crane, gives a Cabinet dinner at eight, and hosts Governor Odell overnight. At Kitty Hawk, Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first powered flights; the longest, Wilbur's fourth, lasts 59 seconds over 852 feet.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["legislature","science","foreign-policy"],"people":["winthrop-murray-crane","henry-cabot-lodge","george-cortelyou","elihu-root","benjamin-odell","orville-wright","wilbur-wright","richard-harding-davis","leonard-wood"]},{"date":"1904-02-23","age":45,"headline":"Senate ratifies the Panama treaty","summary":"The Senate approves the canal treaty with Panama. Roosevelt's Cabinet meets on Dominican affairs, and his dinner table holds Gifford and Amos Pinchot, Leupp, Moody and the Rev. Rainsford, who stays over. He tells Bishop he has no wish to meddle in Santo Domingo.","significance":4,"location":"U.S. Senate","location_id":"us-senate","lat":38.88981,"lon":-77.00902,"tags":["presidency","panama-canal","foreign-policy","legislature"],"people":["gifford-pinchot","william-s-rainsford","thomas-c-platt","george-c-perkins","charles-w-fairbanks","nelson-aldrich","francis-e-leupp","william-h-moody","amos-pinchot","joseph-bucklin-bishop","joseph-b-foraker","theodore-e-burton"]},{"date":"1904-02-26","age":45,"headline":"Proclaiming the Panama canal treaty","summary":"Roosevelt formally proclaims the treaty with the Republic of Panama that clears the way for an American-built canal. Earlier he hears from Dr. Rixey on health conditions on the isthmus and the Cabinet takes up the Philippine Commission. He tells William Hale he hopes to keep involvement in Santo Domingo small.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","panama-canal","foreign-policy"],"people":["presley-m-rixey","charles-w-fulton","john-h-mitchell","chester-i-long","shelby-m-cullom","nelson-aldrich","william-hale"]},{"date":"1904-03-14","age":45,"headline":"Northern Securities broken up","summary":"By a 5-4 vote the Supreme Court rules that the Northern Securities Company broke the Sherman Antitrust Act and must be dissolved, a landmark win for Roosevelt's trust policy. He shares lunch with Cardinal Gibbons, Secretary Hay, Moody and his sister Bamie and defends his White House spending to Lawrence Abbott.","significance":4,"location":"Supreme Court","location_id":"supreme-court","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","trusts","business","press"],"people":["anna-roosevelt-cowles","james-gibbons","william-alden-smith","thomas-c-platt","matthew-s-quay","joseph-b-foraker","chauncey-m-depew","john-a-t-hull","charles-h-grosvenor","jacob-h-gallinger","john-hay","william-h-moody"]},{"date":"1904-05-20","age":45,"headline":"The Roosevelt Corollary","summary":"At a dinner marking two years of Cuban independence, Root reads a Roosevelt letter that lays out the policy later called the Roosevelt Corollary. Roosevelt also confers with William Cromwell on the canal and dines with the Lodges and Moody.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","foreign-policy","diplomacy"],"people":["elihu-root","william-nelson-cromwell","henry-cabot-lodge","william-h-moody"]},{"date":"1904-06-22","age":45,"headline":"Perdicaris alive or Raisuli dead","summary":"As the convention continues, Hay sends his blunt cable to Morocco demanding Perdicaris be saved or his captor killed, while forbidding a Marine landing. Unknown to Washington, Raisuli is already escorting Perdicaris and Varley to Tangier, and they are freed that evening.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","foreign-policy","campaign","diplomacy"],"people":["john-hay","raisuli","ion-perdicaris","william-howard-taft","john-ireland","philander-knox","adna-r-chaffee","cromwell-oliver-varley","bishop-rooker"]},{"date":"1904-06-23","age":45,"headline":"Nominated for President","summary":"The Republican convention in Chicago nominates Roosevelt for President, with Senator Charles Fairbanks of Indiana as his running mate. Just after lunch, as he and Edith sit on the White House's South Portico, his secretary William Loeb arrives with word of the vote.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["campaign","presidency","politics","celebration"],"people":["charles-w-fairbanks","william-loeb","edith-kermit-roosevelt","paul-morton","john-s-wise","henry-c-taylor","francis-b-loomis","george-von-lengerke-meyer","philander-knox"]},{"date":"1904-07-27","age":45,"headline":"Accepting the nomination","summary":"At Sagamore Hill, Roosevelt receives the notification committee led by Speaker Cannon and delivers his speech accepting the Republican nomination. Russia seizes the ship Arabia, flying a German flag, calling her flour cargo contraband.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["campaign","presidency","war"],"people":["joseph-cannon","john-byrne"]},{"date":"1904-11-08","age":46,"headline":"Elected in a landslide","summary":"Election Day. Roosevelt votes at Oyster Bay, hears early returns with only Francis Leupp for company, and heads back to Washington. He and Fairbanks sweep the country but for the Deep South, carrying 336 electoral votes and the largest popular majority yet, and he pledges never again to seek or accept a nomination.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["presidency","campaign","celebration"],"people":["francis-e-leupp","charles-w-fairbanks","alton-b-parker","eugene-v-debs","george-cortelyou","kermit-roosevelt","henry-cabot-lodge"]},{"date":"1905-03-04","age":46,"headline":"Inaugurated President in his own right","summary":"Roosevelt takes the oath before a record crowd of about half a million, with his whole family looking on, and tells the nation, \"Much has been given us, and much will rightfully be expected from us.\" Cowboys, miners and Rough Riders march in a parade of three and a half hours, and that night he talks it all over with Corinne and Douglas in his room.","significance":5,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["presidency","family","celebration","rough-riders"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth","theodore-roosevelt-jr","ethel-roosevelt-derby","kermit-roosevelt","archibald-roosevelt","quentin-roosevelt","mary-ledwith","corinne-roosevelt-robinson","douglas-robinson","christine-kean-roosevelt","emlen-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1905-03-17","age":46,"headline":"Giving Eleanor away","summary":"Roosevelt spends St. Patrick's Day in New York, addressing a Friendly Sons of St. Patrick gathering, reviewing the parade and speaking at a Sons of the American Revolution dinner. In the afternoon he gives his niece Eleanor in marriage to Franklin D. Roosevelt, with Alice as a bridesmaid, and the guests trail him to the dining room.","significance":4,"location":"E. Livingston Ludlow house","location_id":"e-livingston-ludlow-house","lat":40.77272,"lon":-73.95962,"tags":["family","celebration","immigration"],"people":["eleanor-roosevelt","franklin-d-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1905-06-08","age":46,"headline":"Proposing peace talks to Russia and Japan","summary":"Roosevelt sends formal notes to Russia and Japan proposing a peace conference, after a run of afternoon and evening meetings with Durand, Kaneko, Takahira and Sternberg. Edith goes ahead to Pine Knot to ready it for his first visit.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["diplomacy","war","family"],"people":["mortimer-durand","kaneko-kentaro","kogoro-takahira","hermann-speck-von-sternberg","william-howard-taft","henry-w-taft","benjamin-ide-wheeler","edith-kermit-roosevelt","lyman-abbott","joseph-bucklin-bishop"]},{"date":"1905-06-10","age":46,"headline":"Alone at Pine Knot; both sides agree to talk","summary":"Roosevelt and Edith have Pine Knot to themselves. He cooks breakfast and chops firewood while she rests in a hammock, and they fry chickens for supper with biscuits, cornbread, cherries and wild strawberries. Word comes that Japan accepts his call for peace talks; Russia will follow two days later.","significance":4,"location":"Pine Knot","location_id":"pine-knot","lat":37.86514,"lon":-78.55529,"tags":["family","diplomacy","war","outdoors"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","henry-cabot-lodge"]},{"date":"1905-07-01","age":46,"headline":"John Hay dies","summary":"Secretary of State John Hay dies at his New Hampshire home. Roosevelt writes his widow Clara of the Sunday hours after church he spent with them. Charles Bonaparte succeeds Paul Morton as Navy Secretary, and Dan Moore and James Tracey of Albany visit Sagamore Hill.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["death","grief","friendship","presidency"],"people":["john-hay","charles-bonaparte","paul-morton","james-f-tracey","dan-tyler-moore","clara-hay"]},{"date":"1905-07-06","age":46,"headline":"Root named Secretary of State","summary":"Roosevelt names Elihu Root to succeed John Hay at the State Department. Winthrop Chanler comes to dinner and stays over, with the E. D. Morgans also at the table. He sends Taft word of Root's acceptance and his love to Alice.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["presidency","diplomacy","friendship"],"people":["elihu-root","winthrop-chanler","e-d-morgan","william-howard-taft","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1905-08-05","age":46,"headline":"Russian and Japanese envoys meet aboard the Mayflower","summary":"On the presidential yacht Mayflower in Oyster Bay, Roosevelt formally greets the delegations of Russia and Japan and raises a glass to a fair and durable peace. The envoys then head for Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Edith takes the children on a picnic to Cooper's Bluff.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["diplomacy","foreign-policy","presidency","war"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","sergei-witte","roman-rosen","komura-jutaro","kogoro-takahira","william-wilmer","isabella-hagner","joseph-bucklin-bishop"]},{"date":"1905-08-29","age":46,"headline":"Russia and Japan agree to peace","summary":"Word comes from Portsmouth that Witte and Komura have settled terms to end the Russo-Japanese War. Roosevelt wires his delight to Herbert Peirce.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["diplomacy","war","foreign-policy","presidency"],"people":["sergei-witte","komura-jutaro","herbert-h-d-peirce","william-w-rockhill"]},{"date":"1905-09-05","age":46,"headline":"Treaty of Portsmouth signed","summary":"The Treaty of Portsmouth is signed, formally ending the Russo-Japanese War. Roosevelt names Robert Bacon Assistant Secretary of State and explains to General Francis Greene that he got peace by going around old-style diplomacy and dealing directly with heads of state.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["diplomacy","war","foreign-policy","presidency"],"people":["robert-bacon","philander-knox","william-r-leib","francis-v-greene"]},{"date":"1906-01-27","age":47,"headline":"A Gridiron Club evening","summary":"Roosevelt lunches with Dryden and Governor Stokes, sees C. E. Smith and Overstreet, and goes to the Gridiron Club's dinner at the Willard Hotel. He tells Ted he is glad his Harvard work has improved.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["press","harvard","family"],"people":["john-f-dryden","edward-c-stokes","charles-emory-smith","jesse-overstreet","theodore-roosevelt-jr"]},{"date":"1906-02-17","age":47,"headline":"Alice marries Nick Longworth","summary":"At noon on a clear, mild day, Alice Roosevelt, 22, marries Congressman Nicholas Longworth, 36, in the East Room before roughly 700 guests, with no bridesmaids. Her Lee grandparents are there, as are Sara Delano Roosevelt and young Franklin. Afterward Alice hugs Edith, and the couple leave to honeymoon in Cuba.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["family","celebration","society","labor"],"people":["alice-roosevelt-longworth","nicholas-longworth","edith-kermit-roosevelt","george-lee","sara-delano-roosevelt","franklin-d-roosevelt","charles-h-moyer","william-d-haywood","george-a-pettibone","alfred-henry-lewis","charles-bonaparte","julius-h-meyer"]},{"date":"1906-04-14","age":47,"headline":"The muck-rake speech goes public","summary":"Roosevelt lays the cornerstone of the new House Office Building and repeats in public his warning against writers who see only the muck. He calls for federal oversight of interstate corporations, presses Congress to pass the Hepburn bill, and backs a progressive inheritance tax. He also talks Indiana politics with Hemenway and ship subsidies with Taft and Humphrey.","significance":4,"location":"House Office Building","location_id":"house-office-building","lat":38.88664,"lon":-77.00736,"tags":["presidency","press","trusts","grief","family"],"people":["robert-barnwell-roosevelt","james-a-hemenway","william-howard-taft","william-e-humphrey"]},{"date":"1906-04-18","age":47,"headline":"San Francisco shakes and burns","summary":"A great earthquake strikes San Francisco before dawn, and fire follows, leveling hundreds of blocks and killing hundreds. In Washington Roosevelt carries on with rate bill meetings, sends Congress a special message on the beef packers' trial, wires California's governor about the disaster, and tells Taft he will send troops to Idaho.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","death","health","labor"],"people":["leslie-m-shaw","stephen-b-elkins","william-p-hepburn","henry-cabot-lodge","albert-beveridge","richard-bartholdt","augustus-p-gardner","julius-c-burrows","hermann-speck-von-sternberg","george-c-pardee","william-howard-taft","jacob-riis"]},{"date":"1906-05-18","age":47,"headline":"Hepburn Act clears the Senate","summary":"The Senate passes the Hepburn Act, Roosevelt's hard-won railroad rate law, giving the Interstate Commerce Commission power to set railroad and express rates and reach over pipelines and sleeping cars. He meets the Cabinet and sends Gilder a note about a piece on old Irish sagas for The Century.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","legislature","trusts","writing"],"people":["james-s-sherman","henry-cabot-lodge","gifford-pinchot","robert-bacon","george-e-foss","richard-watson-gilder"]},{"date":"1906-06-08","age":47,"headline":"The Antiquities Act becomes law","summary":"The Antiquities Act passes, giving the President power to proclaim landmarks, ancient ruins and other places of historic or scientific value on federal land as national monuments. Roosevelt meets the Cabinet and Neill on the beef trust, and the Agriculture Department's packinghouse report goes to Congress.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","presidency","health","legislature"],"people":["charles-p-neill","james-w-wadsworth"]},{"date":"1906-06-29","age":47,"headline":"Hepburn Act signed; Mesa Verde created","summary":"A landmark day: Roosevelt signs the Hepburn railroad rate act. A Grand Canyon game preserve of nearly 1.5 million acres is authorized, and Platt and Mesa Verde national parks are created. He dines with Will Cowles, Root and Bacon.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","health","panama-canal","presidency","legislature"],"people":["stephen-b-elkins","john-spooner","robert-m-la-follette","john-f-dryden","frank-p-flint","francis-e-warren","charles-w-fulton","william-e-humphrey","william-sheffield-cowles","elihu-root","robert-bacon","ethan-a-hitchcock"]},{"date":"1906-06-30","age":47,"headline":"Pure food and meat inspection become law","summary":"As Congress adjourns, Roosevelt signs the Pure Food and Drug Act and the agricultural appropriation that carries the new meat inspection law, and sends Beveridge the pen used on the meat bill. He also approves a law on shooting in the District that makes three-quarters of it a wildlife refuge, and leaves at midnight for Oyster Bay. Alice and Nick head to Cincinnati before sailing for Europe.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","legislature","conservation","health","family"],"people":["joseph-cannon","elihu-root","william-h-moody","robert-bacon","alice-roosevelt-longworth","nicholas-longworth","albert-beveridge","robert-m-la-follette","john-spooner"]},{"date":"1906-08-14","age":47,"headline":"Shots fired in Brownsville","summary":"At night in Brownsville, Texas, gunfire kills a white bartender and wounds two policemen; men of three Black Army companies at Fort Brown are blamed, and none will confess or name others. Roosevelt writes Henry White about the Kaiser and the 1902 Venezuela ultimatum, tells Robert Bridges of Ted's poem in Scribner's under a pen name, and writes Taft on Panama.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["race","military","presidency","family"],"people":["henry-white","robert-bridges","william-howard-taft","kaiser-wilhelm-ii","theodore-roosevelt-jr"]},{"date":"1906-09-24","age":47,"headline":"Devils Tower, the first national monument","summary":"Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower in Wyoming the first national monument under the new Antiquities Act.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["conservation","presidency","outdoors"],"people":[]},{"date":"1906-11-05","age":48,"headline":"The Brownsville discharges","summary":"Roosevelt orders the soldiers of three Black infantry companies tied to the Brownsville, Texas, shooting dismissed from the Army, a decision that will dog him for years. He lunches with Arthur Lee and leaves at midnight for Oyster Bay to vote.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["race","military","presidency","panama-canal","diplomacy","family"],"people":["boies-penrose","charles-h-davis","charles-bonaparte","ethan-a-hitchcock","william-m-collier","arthur-lee","william-howard-taft","charles-evans-hughes","clark-howell","mortimer-durand","alice-roosevelt-longworth","nicholas-longworth"]},{"date":"1906-11-08","age":48,"headline":"Setting sail for Panama","summary":"Roosevelt and Edith take the yacht Mayflower down the river to Chesapeake Bay and transfer to the new 16,000-ton battleship Louisiana to start their voyage to Panama. Before leaving he thanks Taft for a speech that helped the party in Idaho.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["panama-canal","travel","navy"],"people":["james-o-connell","marcus-braun","henry-w-taft","shuzo-aoki","ethan-a-hitchcock","edith-kermit-roosevelt","william-howard-taft"]},{"date":"1906-11-16","age":48,"headline":"At the controls of a steam shovel","summary":"Roosevelt spends eighteen hours in the field, from before six in the morning until nearly midnight, looking at workers and their living conditions. At Culebra he gives a speech, watches steam shovels bite into the cut and takes the controls of one, a moment caught on film. Heavy rain has turned the villages to mud.","significance":4,"location":"Culebra","location_id":"culebra-cut-panama","lat":9.54686,"lon":-79.21541,"tags":["panama-canal","labor","travel"],"people":[]},{"date":"1906-12-10","age":48,"headline":"Nobel Peace Prize awarded","summary":"In Christiania, Norway, Roosevelt is formally awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for ending the Russo-Japanese War, the first American so honored. He wires thanks to the Nobel committee, pledging the prize money to a permanent body for industrial peace. That night he and Edith go to the Columbia Theater.","significance":5,"location":"Columbia Theater","location_id":"columbia-theater-washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["diplomacy","foreign-policy","labor"],"people":["jane-addams","christian-hauge","joseph-cannon","elihu-root","robert-bacon","charles-p-neill","john-barrett","eugene-hale","russell-a-alger","philander-knox","page","james-b-reynolds"]},{"date":"1907-02-26","age":48,"headline":"Goethals takes over the canal","summary":"Roosevelt announces that John Stevens is leaving and that Army Major George W. Goethals will run canal construction. He tells Shonts to reject all the construction bids and asks Senator Allison for a law letting the government investigate railroad accidents.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["panama-canal","labor","presidency"],"people":["george-w-goethals","john-f-stevens","oscar-w-underwood","edmund-w-pettus","albert-beveridge","augustus-p-gardner","william-alden-smith","theodore-p-shonts","william-b-allison"]},{"date":"1907-03-02","age":48,"headline":"The midnight forests","summary":"Racing the Fulton amendment, Roosevelt signs an order that adds or expands 32 forest reserves across the West, from Olympic and Rainier in Washington to San Juan in Colorado. He explains that waiting would have let vital reserves be lost. He also sees Harriman and confers on Indiana appointments, postal affairs, Utah coal lands and the canal.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","presidency"],"people":["james-e-watson","james-a-hemenway","joseph-cannon","jesse-overstreet","george-von-lengerke-meyer","reed-smoot","stephen-b-elkins","e-h-harriman","elihu-root"]},{"date":"1907-03-14","age":48,"headline":"Inland Waterways Commission; panic on Wall Street","summary":"Roosevelt creates the Inland Waterways Commission, chaired by Theodore Burton, to study the nation's rivers for power, flood control and reclamation; its members include Pinchot, Newell, W J McGee and Senator Newlands. The same day panic hits the New York Stock Exchange. He talks federal railroad control with A. B. Stickney and sends Burton the commission's charge.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","business","science"],"people":["theodore-e-burton","w-j-mcgee","francis-g-newlands","frederick-h-newell","william-warner","gifford-pinchot","john-h-bankhead","herbert-knox-smith","alexander-mackenzie","a-b-stickney","john-d-crimmins","augustus-saint-gaudens"]},{"date":"1907-08-20","age":48,"headline":"'Malefactors of great wealth'","summary":"Speaking at the Pilgrim Monument in Provincetown, Roosevelt charges that some very rich men are deliberately worsening the financial strain to discredit his policies and force them reversed. He also meets 500 fishermen from Gloucester.","significance":4,"location":"Pilgrim Monument","location_id":"pilgrim-monument","lat":42.05295,"lon":-70.1864,"tags":["trusts","business","presidency"],"people":[]},{"date":"1907-11-04","age":49,"headline":"U.S. Steel takes over Tennessee Coal and Iron","summary":"With the brokerage Moore and Schley near collapse, Gary and Frick propose that U.S. Steel buy the firm's Tennessee Coal and Iron holdings. To steady the economy, Roosevelt agrees not to sue under the Sherman Act, though the deal lifts U.S. Steel's market share from about half to 60 percent. He also confers on grain-moving credit, plays tennis, and leaves at midnight to vote in Oyster Bay.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["trusts","business","presidency"],"people":["george-cortelyou","albert-b-cummins","charles-w-fairbanks","nathan-b-scott","elbert-h-gary","henry-clay-frick","elihu-root","jean-jules-jusserand","james-r-garfield","gifford-pinchot","knute-nelson","charles-bonaparte"]},{"date":"1907-11-16","age":49,"headline":"Oklahoma becomes the 46th state","summary":"On an extremely busy day, Roosevelt proclaims Oklahoma the 46th state and establishes Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in New Mexico. Llewellyn, Foraker and McCumber call. He writes Douglas Robinson, William Dudley Foulke and Thomas Watson about restoring confidence after the panic, politics, Taft and Hughes.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["presidency","conservation","business"],"people":["william-h-h-llewellyn","joseph-b-foraker","porter-j-mccumber","douglas-robinson","william-dudley-foulke","thomas-e-watson"]},{"date":"1907-11-22","age":49,"headline":"Late-night meeting with Morgan on the money crisis","summary":"After Cabinet and lunch with Henry Taft, Loeb, Justice Harlan, Root and Lodge, Roosevelt meets J. P. Morgan, George F. Baker, Bacon and Cortelyou late into the night on the money crisis. Talks with Tokyo over limiting Japanese immigration, which became the Gentlemen's Agreement, are under way.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["business","immigration","diplomacy","foreign-policy"],"people":["henry-cabot-lodge","elihu-root","john-marshall-harlan","william-loeb","henry-w-taft","j-pierpont-morgan","george-f-baker","robert-bacon","george-cortelyou"]},{"date":"1907-12-16","age":49,"headline":"The Great White Fleet sails","summary":"From the deck of the Mayflower at Hampton Roads, Roosevelt speaks and then watches sixteen battleships under Rear Admiral Robley Evans steam out on a voyage around the world. The cruise is meant to show Japan the nation's resolve, build support in Congress for the Navy, and prove a whole battle fleet can circle the globe. He returns to Washington.","significance":4,"location":"Hampton Roads","location_id":"hampton-roads-va","lat":36.95076,"lon":-76.41142,"tags":["navy","foreign-policy","presidency"],"people":["robley-d-evans"]},{"date":"1908-01-31","age":49,"headline":"The most radical message of his presidency","summary":"Roosevelt sends Congress a special message unlike any before it: he calls for a new employers' liability law, limits on injunctions in labor disputes, federal control of stock gambling, and tighter rules for railroads and big combinations. He blames Standard Oil, the railroad combines and the panic on the trusts, and faults the courts for siding with big business. That afternoon he plays tennis on a frozen court.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["trusts","labor","legislature","presidency","business"],"people":["george-w-goethals","robert-bacon","clay","william-e-borah","moses-e-clapp","edmund-h-hinshaw","william-lyon-mackenzie-king","colonel-young","gifford-pinchot","jean-jules-jusserand","alford-w-cooley","emily-tuckerman"]},{"date":"1908-05-13","age":49,"headline":"The Governors' Conference opens","summary":"The Governors' Conference on conserving the nation's resources opens in the East Room, and Roosevelt sits in from 10:30 to 2:30 before turning to appointments. Archie Butt attends his first White House luncheon, with Yale's President Hadley, the Cowleses and the Lodges. Roosevelt asks Speaker Cannon to pass a bill making the Inland Waterways Commission permanent; it fails.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["conservation","presidency","society"],"people":["jean-jules-jusserand","james-e-watson","francis-e-warren","elmer-j-burkett","eugene-hale","j-adam-bede","arthur-t-hadley","anna-roosevelt-cowles","william-sheffield-cowles","henry-cabot-lodge","archibald-butt","james-r-garfield"]},{"date":"1908-05-15","age":49,"headline":"Governors declare for conservation","summary":"The Governors' Conference closes with a declaration in favor of conservation; 38 states go on to form conservation commissions, and the meeting gives rise to the annual governors' conferences. Pinchot will call it the first national gathering anywhere to treat resource protection as a single problem. Roosevelt creates Kansas National Forest, lunches with historian James Ford Rhodes, and holds a reception; rain turns the planned garden party into a White House tea.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["conservation","presidency","society"],"people":["gifford-pinchot","james-ford-rhodes","elihu-root","helen-herron-taft","henry-cabot-lodge","philander-knox","george-von-lengerke-meyer"]},{"date":"1908-06-08","age":49,"headline":"National Conservation Commission created","summary":"Roosevelt names the National Conservation Commission, chaired by Gifford Pinchot, to take stock of America's natural resources. Between naval talks and tennis, he dines that night with Edith at the home of Alice and Nick Longworth.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["conservation","presidency","family","campaign"],"people":["victor-h-metcalf","william-howard-taft","william-p-hepburn","spencer-f-eddy","gifford-pinchot","jean-jules-jusserand","john-d-long","edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth","nicholas-longworth","theodore-e-burton","rudolph-spreckels"]},{"date":"1908-06-18","age":49,"headline":"Taft nominated after a Roosevelt stampede","summary":"The convention erupts in a 45-minute demonstration for Roosevelt before Lodge heads off any move to draft him, and Taft wins the nomination on the first ballot. Progressives balk at the adopted platform. In Washington Roosevelt confers with Root and Taft, plays tennis with Bacon, and wires Lodge his thanks.","significance":4,"location":"Washington, D.C.","location_id":"washington-dc","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["campaign","politics","presidency","friendship"],"people":["henry-cabot-lodge","william-howard-taft","elihu-root","kent","joseph-bucklin-bishop","leslie-m-shaw","robert-bacon","billy-sunday"]},{"date":"1908-07-01","age":49,"headline":"Ninety-four National Forests created","summary":"Ninety-four National Forests are established on this day. Luke E. Wright, once ambassador to Japan, succeeds Taft as Secretary of War. Roosevelt hosts S. S. McClure and Caspar Whitney for lunch and writes about San Juan Hill, warships and an unhappy H. C. Frick.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["conservation","presidency","navy","rough-riders"],"people":["luke-e-wright","s-s-mcclure","caspar-whitney","frank-b-kellogg","william-l-ward","james-t-williams","french-ensor-chadwick","truman-h-newberry","george-von-lengerke-meyer","henry-clay-frick"]},{"date":"1908-08-10","age":49,"headline":"Country Life Commission launched","summary":"Worried that farm life is fading as cities grow, Roosevelt creates the Country Life Commission and asks Cornell's Liberty Hyde Bailey to lead it. He also tells Truman Newberry a naval lieutenant should not be dismissed and writes William Allen White about Ohio's Senate seat.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["conservation","presidency","politics"],"people":["liberty-hyde-bailey","truman-h-newberry","william-allen-white","theodore-e-burton","joseph-b-foraker"]},{"date":"1908-10-31","age":50,"headline":"Art store, oil cases, and talks with Japan","summary":"Roosevelt stops at Fisher's art store after breakfast and goes over the Standard Oil prosecutions with Frank Kellogg. Talks go on toward what becomes the Root-Takahira Agreement, under which the United States and Japan pledge to respect each other's Pacific holdings.","significance":4,"location":"Fisher's Art Store","location_id":"fishers-art-store","lat":38.89511,"lon":-77.03637,"tags":["diplomacy","foreign-policy","trusts"],"people":["frank-b-kellogg","elihu-root","kogoro-takahira","beekman-winthrop","gifford-pinchot","william-phillips","james-r-garfield","robert-bacon"]},{"date":"1908-11-03","age":50,"headline":"Taft wins: beaten to a frazzle","summary":"Roosevelt casts his ballot in Oyster Bay as Taft defeats Bryan, 321 electoral votes to 162, to become the 27th President. Back at the White House by six, he lets an election-night party run until 12:30 while he reads upstairs. Alice and Nick spend the evening at Taft's side in Cincinnati.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["campaign","politics","celebration","presidency"],"people":["william-howard-taft","william-jennings-bryan","edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth","nicholas-longworth","eugene-v-debs"]},{"date":"1909-02-22","age":50,"headline":"The Great White Fleet comes home","summary":"Sixteen months after it sailed, the Great White Fleet steams back into Hampton Roads, and Roosevelt reviews it from the Mayflower's deck as some 2,000 small boats look on. He later judged the voyage his greatest service to peace. In Washington the conservation conference closes with a call for an international meeting.","significance":4,"location":"Hampton Roads","location_id":"hampton-roads-va","lat":36.95076,"lon":-76.41142,"tags":["navy","presidency","foreign-policy","conservation"],"people":[]},{"date":"1909-03-02","age":50,"headline":"Final Cabinet meeting and a burst of forests","summary":"Roosevelt holds his last Cabinet meeting and greets Haiti's new minister at a full diplomatic reception. In a final sweep he proclaims Mount Olympus National Monument, thirteen national forests from Shasta to Sequoia, and the Bogoslof bird refuge in Alaska, then hosts 50 close friends and dines at the Strauses'.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["conservation","presidency","diplomacy","friendship"],"people":["oscar-straus","gifford-pinchot","paul-morton"]},{"date":"1909-03-04","age":50,"headline":"Taft sworn in; home to Sagamore Hill","summary":"A winter storm drives the inauguration indoors, and William Howard Taft takes the oath as the 27th President in the Senate Chamber. Skipping the customary ride back to the White House, Roosevelt and Edith head straight to Union Station with New York Republicans, bands playing \"Auld Lang Syne,\" and return to Sagamore Hill. The National Bison Range is created.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["presidency","conservation","family","politics"],"people":["william-howard-taft","edith-kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1909-03-23","age":50,"headline":"Sailing for Africa","summary":"At 11 a.m. Roosevelt and Kermit sail from Hoboken on the Hamburg amid a crush of well-wishers. He has signed with Scribner's for African articles at $50,000, thanks Taft for his farewell gift, and notes in his diary that he sailed. Edith, who thinks him too old for the venture, spends the rest of the day walking the Sagamore woods.","significance":4,"location":"Hoboken","location_id":"hoboken-nj","lat":40.74399,"lon":-74.03236,"tags":["africa","travel","family","writing"],"people":["kermit-roosevelt","william-howard-taft","edith-kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1910-04-11","age":51,"headline":"Pinchot brings his side","summary":"Gifford Pinchot spends nearly the whole day with Roosevelt, recounting his fight with Ballinger and his firing by Taft and showing a stack of anti-Taft letters. Roosevelt writes Lodge that the Taft leadership has misread the country.","significance":4,"location":"Porto Maurizio","location_id":"porto-maurizio-italy","lat":43.88917,"lon":8.03933,"tags":["politics","conservation","europe","friendship"],"people":["gifford-pinchot","richard-a-ballinger","william-howard-taft","lucius-b-swift","henry-cabot-lodge","robert-j-wynne","nelson-aldrich","joseph-cannon"]},{"date":"1910-04-23","age":51,"headline":"Citizenship in a Republic","summary":"At the Sorbonne, Roosevelt gives his address on citizenship in a republic, urging character over cleverness or wealth and taking aim at the Socialists. Earlier he takes part in a meeting of the moral and political sciences academy of the Institut. Film catches him leaving.","significance":5,"location":"Sorbonne","location_id":"sorbonne","lat":48.85341,"lon":2.3488,"tags":["europe","politics","writing"],"people":[]},{"date":"1910-05-05","age":51,"headline":"The Nobel lecture","summary":"Roosevelt finally gives his Nobel address on international peace, proposing that peace-minded powers band together in a league ready to stop others from breaking the peace, by force if need be. Nansen calls. He tells Lodge the party held power only because he kept it moving forward.","significance":4,"location":"Christiania","location_id":"oslo-norway","lat":59.91273,"lon":10.74609,"tags":["europe","diplomacy","politics","foreign-policy"],"people":["fridtjof-nansen","henry-cabot-lodge"]},{"date":"1910-05-31","age":51,"headline":"Telling Britain to govern Egypt or leave","summary":"Given the freedom of the City of London, Roosevelt uses his Guildhall speech to tell Britain bluntly that it must keep order in Egypt or get out. Spring-Rice and Arthur Lee had looked over the text beforehand. He lunches with the Lord Mayor.","significance":4,"location":"Guildhall","location_id":"guildhall-london","lat":51.50853,"lon":-0.12574,"tags":["europe","foreign-policy","africa","diplomacy"],"people":["arthur-lee","cecil-spring-rice"]},{"date":"1910-06-18","age":51,"headline":"A hero's welcome in New York","summary":"Roosevelt sails into New York to a roaring reception. After a short speech at the Battery he rides in a huge parade up Broadway and Fifth Avenue with 500 Rough Riders, then heads home to Sagamore Hill. A press boat teases his spelling reform with a \"Pres Bot\" sign.","significance":4,"location":"The Battery","location_id":"the-battery-new-york","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["celebration","rough-riders","family","press"],"people":["theodore-roosevelt-jr","eleanor-butler-roosevelt","douglas-robinson","corinne-roosevelt-robinson","franklin-d-roosevelt","eleanor-roosevelt","archibald-butt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","nicholas-longworth","henry-cabot-lodge","isabella-hagner","mrs-alexander"]},{"date":"1910-08-31","age":51,"headline":"The New Nationalism at Osawatomie","summary":"At the dedication of a John Brown memorial in Osawatomie, Kansas, Roosevelt delivers \"The New Nationalism,\" the most important speech of his post-presidency. He calls for a living wage, decent hours, and conservation that uses resources without robbing future generations, laying out the program he will carry to 1912.","significance":5,"location":"Osawatomie","location_id":"osawatomie-ks","lat":38.49724,"lon":-94.95052,"tags":["politics","conservation","labor","progressive-party"],"people":["john-brown"]},{"date":"1910-10-11","age":51,"headline":"First president to fly","summary":"In St. Louis, Roosevelt climbs into a plane with aviator Arch Hoxsey and rides about four minutes at some 50 feet. Landing, he tells reporters it was the best thing he ever did. He also addresses audiences in Clayton and St. Louis. Niece Eleanor turns 26.","significance":4,"location":"Clayton","location_id":"clayton-mo","lat":38.64255,"lon":-90.32373,"tags":["travel","science","campaign","press"],"people":["arch-hoxsey","eleanor-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1911-03-23","age":52,"headline":"\"I took the Isthmus\"","summary":"After a speech in San Francisco, Roosevelt gives the University of California's Charter Day address at Berkeley, with his famous line about taking the Isthmus and letting Congress debate him while the canal got built.","significance":4,"location":"San Francisco","location_id":"san-francisco-ca","lat":37.77493,"lon":-122.41942,"tags":["panama-canal","education","presidency"],"people":[]},{"date":"1912-02-21","age":53,"headline":"\"My hat is in the ring\"","summary":"Before the Ohio Legislature Roosevelt delivers \"A Charter of Democracy,\" backing popular recall of judicial decisions, a stand that alarms conservatives and business. Chatting with reporters along the way, he lets it be known that his hat is in the ring. His formal answer to the governors who urged him to run comes three days later.","significance":4,"location":"Columbus","location_id":"columbus-oh","lat":39.96118,"lon":-82.99879,"tags":["politics","campaign","progressive-party"],"people":["james-r-garfield","william-f-knox","frank-a-munsey","truman-h-newberry","william-howard-taft"]},{"date":"1912-06-17","age":53,"headline":"\"We stand at Armageddon\"","summary":"After meetings with the seven progressive governors, Perkins, Dixon and Pinchot, Roosevelt gives a speech Edith and Alice helped review to a progressive rally at the Coliseum, closing with a call to battle for the Lord.","significance":4,"location":"Chicago Coliseum","location_id":"chicago-coliseum","lat":41.85003,"lon":-87.65005,"tags":["campaign","progressive-party","politics"],"people":["george-perkins","joseph-m-dixon","gifford-pinchot","edith-kermit-roosevelt","alice-roosevelt-longworth"]},{"date":"1912-06-22","age":53,"headline":"\"Thou shalt not steal!\"","summary":"The Republicans renominate Taft and Sherman; Taft gets 561 votes, Roosevelt 107, and 349 delegates sit out. Roosevelt brands the proceedings void, and his followers gather at the Chicago Opera House to call a new party convention.","significance":4,"location":"Chicago Opera House","location_id":"chicago-opera-house","lat":41.85003,"lon":-87.65005,"tags":["politics","progressive-party","campaign"],"people":["william-howard-taft","james-s-sherman","robert-m-la-follette"]},{"date":"1912-08-06","age":53,"headline":"A \"Confession of Faith\"","summary":"On Edith's 51st birthday Roosevelt gives a 52-minute \"Confession of Faith\" laying out the New Nationalism: direct election of senators, unemployment insurance, an end to child labor, a minimum wage, and initiative, referendum and recall.","significance":4,"location":"Chicago Coliseum","location_id":"chicago-coliseum","lat":41.85003,"lon":-87.65005,"tags":["progressive-party","labor","family"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","william-f-knox","j-l-mitchell"]},{"date":"1912-08-07","age":53,"headline":"Nominated by the Bull Moose party","summary":"The Progressives nominate Roosevelt for president and California Governor Hiram Johnson for vice president. Jane Addams seconds Roosevelt, the first woman to address a major party convention.","significance":5,"location":"Chicago Coliseum","location_id":"chicago-coliseum","lat":41.85003,"lon":-87.65005,"tags":["progressive-party","campaign"],"people":["jane-addams","hiram-johnson","george-perkins"]},{"date":"1912-10-14","age":53,"headline":"Shot in Milwaukee, he gives the speech anyway","summary":"Leaving the Gilpatrick Hotel for an evening speech, Roosevelt is shot in the chest by John Schrank. He begs the crowd to spare the gunman, then delivers all 50 pages of his address with the bullet in him, holding up his bloodied shirt. The folded manuscript and his glasses case slowed the bullet, which cracked a rib and stopped short of his lung.","significance":5,"location":"Gilpatrick Hotel","location_id":"gilpatrick-hotel","lat":43.0389,"lon":-87.90647,"tags":["campaign","progressive-party","health","family"],"people":["john-schrank","edith-kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1912-10-30","age":54,"headline":"A 41-minute ovation at Madison Square Garden","summary":"Still weak, Roosevelt speaks to 16,000 about what the Progressive Party stands for packed into Madison Square Garden. The crowd cheers for 41 minutes until he pounds a table and calls for quiet. Corinne and Douglas have to slip past the guards; Edith watches from a box with Ethel, Ted, Eleanor and Quentin.","significance":4,"location":"Madison Square Garden","location_id":"madison-square-garden","lat":40.74499,"lon":-73.9982,"tags":["campaign","progressive-party","family","health"],"people":["oscar-straus","hiram-johnson","corinne-roosevelt-robinson","douglas-robinson","edith-kermit-roosevelt","ethel-roosevelt-derby","theodore-roosevelt-jr","eleanor-butler-roosevelt","quentin-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1912-11-05","age":54,"headline":"Election Day: Wilson wins, Roosevelt runs second","summary":"Roosevelt casts his ballot in Oyster Bay. Woodrow Wilson takes the presidency with 435 electoral votes; Roosevelt, carrying six states and 88 electoral votes, finishes ahead of President Taft. In New York, Straus loses the governor's race, Franklin Roosevelt keeps his state Senate seat, and Nick Longworth loses his House seat by 97 votes.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["campaign","progressive-party","politics"],"people":["woodrow-wilson","william-howard-taft","eugene-v-debs","william-sulzer","job-e-hedges","oscar-straus","franklin-d-roosevelt","nicholas-longworth","stanley-e-bowdle","arthur-lee"]},{"date":"1914-02-27","age":55,"headline":"Into the unknown on the River of Doubt","summary":"Roosevelt's party pushes off down the River of Doubt, a waterway no mapmaker has charted. They survey and measure the river as they paddle.","significance":4,"location":"Tres Burity","location_id":"tres-burity-brazil","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","natural-history"],"people":[]},{"date":"1914-03-15","age":55,"headline":"Simplicio drowns; Kermit nearly lost","summary":"After 6 easy kilometers the party hears rapids. Scouting them, Kermit's canoe is caught by a whirlpool and swept over. Paddler Simplicio is killed; Kermit, pulled under, fights his way out, and his dog reaches shore too. Simplicio is buried before camp.","significance":4,"location":"Tres Burity","location_id":"tres-burity-brazil","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","death","grief"],"people":["kermit-roosevelt","simplicio"]},{"date":"1914-03-18","age":55,"headline":"The Rio Roosevelt gets its name","summary":"A tributary is found joining the river and named Rio Kermit, while the main stream itself gets a new name: Rio Roosevelt. The canoes shoot another set of rapids and slip past an Indian village, covering 8 km.","significance":4,"location":"Tres Burity","location_id":"tres-burity-brazil","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","celebration"],"people":["kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1914-04-04","age":55,"headline":"Roosevelt's leg strikes a boulder","summary":"While working a canoe through the rapids, Roosevelt slams his leg against a rock and comes down with fever. Kermit has dysentery. At home, Ethel marks her first wedding anniversary.","significance":4,"location":"Tres Burity","location_id":"tres-burity-brazil","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","health","family"],"people":["kermit-roosevelt","ethel-roosevelt-derby"]},{"date":"1914-04-06","age":55,"headline":"Roosevelt asks to be left behind","summary":"As the party portages more rapids, Roosevelt urges his companions to go on without him so they can survive. Far away in Bogota, American and Colombian envoys sign a treaty, negotiated under Secretary of State Bryan, that voices regret over the 1903 loss of Panama and promises Colombia $25 million.","significance":4,"location":"Tres Burity","location_id":"tres-burity-brazil","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","health","panama-canal","foreign-policy"],"people":["william-jennings-bryan"]},{"date":"1914-04-15","age":55,"headline":"Out of the wilderness","summary":"Still queasy, the men cover 25 km and spot 'J.A.' carved on a post, a rubber tapper's mark. Houses follow, then talk with settlers: they have made it out. Roosevelt's fever lingers; abscesses on his leg need a drain, and Rondon notes erysipelas in the left leg hurt in 1902.","significance":4,"location":"River of Doubt","location_id":"river-of-doubt-brazil","lat":-8.42165,"lon":-60.98044,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","health"],"people":["candido-rondon"]},{"date":"1914-04-27","age":55,"headline":"The Rio Roosevelt made official","summary":"In a small ceremony Rondon lays out the expedition's findings and formally names the river Rio Roosevelt: 750 km in two months by canoe. Leaving Lyra and Pyrineus, the boats reach São João at 1 p.m. in heavy rain, and Roosevelt lodges with Senhor Caripe.","significance":4,"location":"São João","location_id":"sao-joao-brazil","lat":null,"lon":null,"tags":["south-america","travel","outdoors","celebration"],"people":["candido-rondon","joao-lyra","lieutenant-pyrineus","senhor-caripe"]},{"date":"1915-05-07","age":56,"headline":"The Lusitania goes down","summary":"A German submarine torpedoes the liner Lusitania off Ireland, and more than 1,000 people drown. Roosevelt hears the news in Syracuse, in the middle of his libel trial.","significance":4,"location":"Syracuse","location_id":"syracuse-ny","lat":43.04812,"lon":-76.14742,"tags":["world-war-i","death","foreign-policy"],"people":[]},{"date":"1916-06-10","age":57,"headline":"Hughes nominated; Roosevelt turns down the Progressives","summary":"After a 3 a.m. call from Nicholas Murray Butler, Roosevelt backs Lodge and refuses the Republican nod for himself. Republicans choose Charles Evans Hughes; the Progressives nominate Roosevelt, and he wires them declining and recommending Lodge.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["politics","progressive-party","campaign"],"people":["nicholas-murray-butler","henry-cabot-lodge","charles-evans-hughes","julian-street","emlen-roosevelt","philip-j-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1916-06-22","age":57,"headline":"Endorses Hughes, ending the Bull Moose era","summary":"At the Hotel Langdon, Roosevelt formally backs Charles Evans Hughes. His letter to the Progressive National Committee marks the party's end and calls for defeating Wilson.","significance":4,"location":"Hotel Langdon","location_id":"hotel-langdon","lat":40.71427,"lon":-74.00597,"tags":["progressive-party","campaign","politics"],"people":["guy-emerson","desmond","george-perkins","matthew-hale","fish","charles-evans-hughes","woodrow-wilson"]},{"date":"1916-11-07","age":58,"headline":"Election Day: Wilson edges out Hughes","summary":"Roosevelt casts his ballot in Oyster Bay. On election night Charles Evans Hughes looks like the winner, but Wilson pulls ahead as the count goes on, finishing with 277 electoral votes to 254. Many blamed Roosevelt's speeches for the loss, though Hughes did not. Roosevelt also writes Quentin, hoping he can get home for his birthday.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["politics","campaign","family"],"people":["woodrow-wilson","charles-evans-hughes","quentin-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt","nellie-tyler"]},{"date":"1917-02-03","age":58,"headline":"U.S. cuts ties with Germany","summary":"The United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany, and Wilson addresses both houses of Congress. Roosevelt and Edith scrap a Caribbean holiday and an eight-month scientific expedition to Polynesia; he wants to lead a division against Germany. He also writes Elisabeth Cary about German-Americans.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["world-war-i","diplomacy","military","family"],"people":["woodrow-wilson","edith-kermit-roosevelt","elisabeth-cary"]},{"date":"1917-04-02","age":58,"headline":"Wilson asks Congress for war","summary":"As President Wilson goes before Congress to seek war against Germany, Roosevelt stops in Washington on his way north and calls at the White House to congratulate him, but Wilson is in a Cabinet meeting. Roosevelt issues a statement praising the President's step.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["world-war-i","politics","press"],"people":["woodrow-wilson"]},{"date":"1917-04-06","age":58,"headline":"America declares war","summary":"Congress formally declares war against Germany. Roosevelt is at Sagamore Hill.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["world-war-i","war"],"people":[]},{"date":"1917-04-10","age":58,"headline":"Asking Wilson in person for a division","summary":"Roosevelt and Edith go to Washington, where he has a long White House talk with Wilson and asks to lead a division in France. Wilson gives no firm answer, but Roosevelt will in the end be kept out of the fight. Staying with Alice and Nick, he lobbies Baker, Jusserand, Spring-Rice and others for his plan.","significance":4,"location":"White House","location_id":"white-house","lat":38.89764,"lon":-77.03655,"tags":["world-war-i","military","presidency","family"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","woodrow-wilson","alice-roosevelt-longworth","nicholas-longworth","newton-d-baker","jean-jules-jusserand","cecil-spring-rice","julius-rosenwald","george-e-chamberlain","henry-cabot-lodge","john-w-weeks","s-hubert-dent"]},{"date":"1918-07-14","age":59,"headline":"Quentin killed over France","summary":"Quentin Roosevelt dies in aerial combat, hit twice in the head; his aircraft falls behind German lines near Cambrai. At home, unaware, Roosevelt writes Archie's wife Grace with news.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["family","world-war-i","death","grief"],"people":["quentin-roosevelt","grace-lockwood-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1918-07-17","age":59,"headline":"Word that Quentin is down","summary":"Phil Thompson returns with an unofficial dispatch: Quentin has been shot down. Roosevelt goes inside to talk with Edith, and together they release a statement to the press. Then he goes back to his desk and dictates until his work is done.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["family","grief","world-war-i","press"],"people":["phil-thompson","quentin-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1918-07-20","age":59,"headline":"Quentin's death confirmed","summary":"Roosevelt addresses a delegation from the Japanese Red Cross. A telegram arrives confirming that Quentin is dead.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["grief","family","world-war-i","diplomacy"],"people":["quentin-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1918-09-17","age":59,"headline":"The Great Adventure","summary":"Newspapers carry \"The Great Adventure,\" Roosevelt's tribute to Quentin, with its lines on living fully and facing death without fear.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["writing","grief","world-war-i"],"people":["quentin-roosevelt"]},{"date":"1918-11-11","age":60,"headline":"Armistice Day, back in the hospital","summary":"The war ends with the Armistice. Roosevelt, his left foot too swollen for a shoe, is taken back to Roosevelt Hospital with inflammatory rheumatism. Edith will sleep in a nearby corner room for 44 nights, seeing friends, going to plays, and reading him Shakespeare at night. Ted and Eleanor meet at the front, and General Francis Marshall writes TR praising Ted as a soldier.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["world-war-i","health","family"],"people":["edith-kermit-roosevelt","theodore-roosevelt-jr","eleanor-butler-roosevelt","francis-c-marshall"]},{"date":"1919-01-05","age":60,"headline":"Last words: put out the light","summary":"On a sunny day Flora Whitney visits. Roosevelt writes Kermit and jots a memo to Will Hays, his last written words. At 11 p.m. he sets down corrected proofs of a Kansas City Star editorial and asks his valet James Amos to turn out the light.","significance":4,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["death","family","politics"],"people":["flora-payne-whitney","kermit-roosevelt","will-h-hays","james-amos"]},{"date":"1919-01-06","age":60,"headline":"Roosevelt dies at Sagamore Hill","summary":"Around a quarter past four in the morning, Theodore Roosevelt dies in his sleep at Sagamore Hill of a coronary embolism. Archie wires his brothers Ted and Kermit in Europe that the old lion is dead. About a hundred dignitaries and Oyster Bay schoolchildren attend a plain funeral, with no music, and he is buried in Youngs Cemetery.","significance":5,"location":"Sagamore Hill","location_id":"sagamore-hill","lat":40.88558,"lon":-73.50107,"tags":["death","family","grief"],"people":["archibald-roosevelt","theodore-roosevelt-jr","kermit-roosevelt","edith-kermit-roosevelt"]}]